Optimal. Leaf size=294 \[ -\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x}+\frac {\sqrt {c} x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.08, antiderivative size = 294, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {1137, 12, 1153,
1117, 1209} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt {c} x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 12
Rule 1117
Rule 1137
Rule 1153
Rule 1209
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x}+\frac {\int \frac {c x^2}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x}+\frac {c \int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x}+\frac {\sqrt {c} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{\sqrt {a}}-\frac {\sqrt {c} \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{\sqrt {a}}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a x}+\frac {\sqrt {c} x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{3/4} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 10.34, size = 298, normalized size = 1.01 \begin {gather*} \frac {-\frac {4 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{x}+\frac {i \sqrt {2} \left (-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {1+\frac {2 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \left (E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )-F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}}{4 a \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.03, size = 239, normalized size = 0.81
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{a x}-\frac {c \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(239\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{a x}-\frac {c \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(239\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{a x}-\frac {c \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(239\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^{2} \sqrt {a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^2\,\sqrt {c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a}} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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